Dual function movement component for automated assembly systems

ABSTRACT

A pneumatic device may be configured and used to provide multiple movement related functions, such as in an automated assembly system. The pneumatic device may comprise a chamber; a sealing element configurable to contact a surface, to enable creating a seal around the chamber by application of pneumatic suction into the chamber; a biasing element configurable to push the sealing element away from the surface; and a pneumatic cushion configurable to expand by application of pneumatic inflow, thus urging the pneumatic device away from the surface.

FIELD

Certain embodiments of the disclosure relate to manufacturing and morespecifically to component assembly during aircraft manufacturing. Morespecifically, certain embodiments of the disclosure relate to anapparatus and method for dual function movement component for automatedassembly systems.

BACKGROUND

Manufacturers, including aircraft manufactures for example, are undercontinuous pressure to reduce costs associated with and/or enhanceefficiency of manufacturing processes. In this regard, manufacturing aparticular article (e.g., aircraft) may require performing various stepsto produce a complete example of the article. The type of stepsundertaken in a manufacturing process may be dictated by the articleitself (e.g., number, size, and/or shape of components), and/or by otherconditions pertinent to the manufacturing process (e.g., separateproduction of components of the article). For example, manufacturingaircraft may require assembling components, such as fuselage or wingsections, which may be made separately, sometimes at different locationsand/or by different sub-contractors. In some instances, automateddevices may be utilized during manufacturing processes. In this regard,automated devices may be fixed, with the article being manufactured (orcomponents thereof) moving (e.g., via an assembly line) to allow theautomated devices to operate (e.g., applying fastening bolts).Alternatively, the automated devices may be configured as moving devicesthat traverse the manufactured article (or component(s) thereof) whileoperating on the article (or component(s)). For example, in aircraftmanufacturing, automated systems capable of crawling over aircraftstructures may be used, being configured to accurately position atparticular location (e.g., over a fastener location), and to performnecessary operations thereat (e.g., processing the needed hole andinstalling a fastener).

Use of such automated systems may pose certain challenges, however. Forexample, challenges associated with these types of automated systems mayinclude or relate to performing necessary course adjustments and/orenhancing the manner by which the system moves from one location to thenext. In this regard, many currently available systems suffer from suchlimitations as low speed of movement over structure and/or skiddingduring course adjustments, as a result of, for example, the meanscurrently used in securing such automated systems to the structuresand/or moving them on these structures. For example, some currentsystems may utilize vacuum cups to adhere the system to structures. Useof such vacuum cups, however, may necessitate deactivating the vacuumcup and pulling them away from the structure before movement of thesystem. As for course adjustments, current systems may utilize rotationof support legs or feet to turn the system and make course adjustments.This, however, may lead to skidding of the pressure foot and is a lesscontrolled steering method.

Therefore, it would be advantageous to have an apparatus and method forproviding automated assembly in a manner that enhances speed and/ormovement of machines used during assembly of articles, such as aircraft.

Further limitations and disadvantages of conventional and traditionalapproaches will become apparent to one of skill in the art, throughcomparison of such systems with some aspects, as set forth in theremainder of the present application with reference to the drawings.

SUMMARY

An apparatus and/or method is provided for an dual function movementcomponent for automated assembly systems, substantially as shown inand/or described in connection with at least one of the figures, as setforth more completely in the claims.

In one aspect, a pneumatic device may be used as a multi-functionmovement component, such as one of a plurality of movement components inan apparatus that may be used in assembling or manufacturing operations(e.g., of aircraft or components thereof). The pneumatic device maycomprise a chamber; a sealing element configurable to contact a surface,to enable creating a seal around the chamber by application of pneumaticsuction into the chamber, thus urging the pneumatic device towards thesurface; a biasing element configurable to push the sealing element awayfrom the surface, to enable disabling the urging towards the surface;and a pneumatic cushion configurable to expand, by application ofpneumatic inflow, thus urging the pneumatic device away from thesurface.

In another aspect, an apparatus may comprise a movement assembly for usein an automated motorized device that is operable to traverse astructure (e.g., aircraft or components thereof), such as to performassembling or manufacturing operations. The movement assembly maycomprise a plurality of dual function movement components, whereinfunctions of each dual function movement component comprise adhering tothe structure and gliding over the structure; and each dual functionmovement component comprises a plurality of elements adapted forsupporting each of the functions. The movement assembly may alsocomprise a holding component, to which at least some of the plurality ofdual function movement components are attached, to allow application offunctions of the at least some of the plurality of dual functionmovement components to the structure.

In another aspect, a method for supporting assembling or manufacturingoperations in an automated motorized device, which may be used inassembling or manufacturing operations (e.g., of aircraft or componentsthereof), may comprise moving the automated motorized device on astructure by use of a plurality of dual function movement components,wherein the plurality of dual function movement components is arrangedinto one or more movement assemblies, each of the one or more movementassemblies is configured to operate separately, and functions of eachdual function movement component comprise adhering and gliding.

In another aspect, a method for fabricating an aircraft component maycomprise moving by use of a plurality of dual function movementcomponents, an automated motorized device that is configured to applyone or more fabricating related functions to each of a plurality ofpredetermined locations on the aircraft component. In this regard, theplurality of dual function movement components may be arranged into oneor more movement assemblies, with each of the one or more movementassemblies being configured to operate separately, and with functions ofeach dual function movement component comprising, at least, an adheringfunction and a gliding function. The automated motorized device may bemoved by configuring at least one dual function movement component of atleast one of the one or more movement assemblies to apply the glidingfunction. The automated motorized device may be secured to the aircraftcomponent by configuring at least one dual function movement componentof at least one of the one or more movement assemblies to apply theadhering function.

These and other advantages, aspects and novel features, as well asdetails of an illustrated embodiment thereof, will be more fullyunderstood from the following description and drawings.

The features, functions, and advantages that have been discussed can beachieved independently in various embodiments or may be combined in yetother embodiments further details of which can be seen with reference tothe following description and drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a dual function movement component forautomated assembly systems that may be used during assembly ofcomponent(s), such as during manufacturing of aircraft, in accordancewith an advantageous embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a dual function movement component forautomated assembly systems that may be used during assembly ofcomponent(s), such as during manufacturing of aircraft, in accordancewith an advantageous embodiment.

FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating a dual function movement componentthat may be used in automated assembly systems, in accordance with anadvantageous embodiment.

FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating different functions of a dual functionmovement component that may be used in automated assembly systems, inaccordance with an advantageous embodiment.

FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating an example implementation of a dualfunction movement component, in accordance with an advantageousembodiment.

FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating an example of air cushion creation andlip lifting in an example implementation of a dual function movementcomponent, in accordance with an advantageous embodiment.

FIG. 4C is a diagram illustrating an example of air bearing function inan example implementation of a dual function movement component, inaccordance with an advantageous embodiment.

FIG. 4D is a diagram illustrating an example of vacuum based holdingfunction in an example implementation of a dual function movementcomponent, in accordance with an advantageous embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart that illustrates a process for applying differentfunctions (e.g., hovering and holding) in dual function movementcomponents, in accordance with an advantageous embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Certain embodiments may be found in a method and system for a dualfunction movement component for use in automated assembly systems. Manyspecific details of certain embodiments are set forth in the followingdescription as well as the drawings to provide a thorough understandingof such embodiments. One skilled in the art, however, will understandthat there may be additional embodiments, or that certain of theseembodiments may be practiced without several of the details described inthe following description. Like numbers refer to like elementsthroughout.

As utilized herein the terms “circuits” and “circuitry” refer tophysical electronic components (i.e. hardware) and any software and/orfirmware (“code”) which may configure the hardware, be executed by thehardware, and or otherwise be associated with the hardware. As utilizedherein, “and/or” means any one or more of the items in the list joinedby “and/or”. As an example, “x and/or y” means any element of thethree-element set {(x), (y), (x, y)}. As another example, “x, y, and/orz” means any element of the seven-element set {(x), (y), (z), (x, y),(x, z), (y, z), (x, y, z)}. As utilized herein, the terms “block” and“module” refer to functions than can be performed by one or morecircuits. As utilized herein, the term “exemplary” means serving as anon-limiting example, instance, or illustration. As utilized herein, theterm “e.g.,” introduces a list of one or more non-limiting examples,instances, or illustrations.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an autonomous crawling assembly systemthat may be used during assembly of component(s), such as duringmanufacturing of aircraft, in accordance with an advantageousembodiment. Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a crawler 110.

The crawler 110 may be a portable, automated motorized device which maybe operable to move to a physical target, such as an assembly orcomponent, that may be used in performing particular operations (e.g., adrilling, bolting, and/or fastening), in a controlled manner. Forexample, the crawler 110 may be used during manufacturing and/orassembly of aircraft or components thereof (e.g., fuselage or wings). Inthis regard, the crawler 110 may preferably be placed on a structure 100(e.g., wing of aircraft), and may then move over the structure 100 whileperforming assembling related operations thereon, at different locations(e.g., intended bolting positions on the wing).

The crawler 110 may comprise a plurality of components performingvarious operations in support of intended functions of the crawler 110.For example, the crawler 110 may comprise a multi-function end effector120, a pivoting assembly 130, a first movement assembly 140 and a secondmovement assembly 150, and a clamping component 170. The multi-functionend effector 120 may be configured to perform one or more assemblingrelated operations or functions, which may be utilized duringmanufacturing of articles, such as aircraft or components thereof. Forexample, the multi-function end effector 120 may be configured toperform such functions as drilling bolting holes and/or applyingfastening bolts. Use of such functions may be made, for example, duringassembling of aircraft wings. In this regard, assembling functionsapplied by the multi-function end effector 120 to the wing may enablebolting a spar 102 to a wing box 104.

The first movement assembly 140 and the second movement assembly 150 mayenable, individually and/or in combination, moving the crawler 110 alongthe structure 100 (e.g., the wing, or more specifically the wing box104) to which the functions of the multi-function end effector 120 maybe applied. In this regard, the first movement assembly 140 and thesecond movement assembly 150 may be configured such as to provide, whileoperating individually and/or in combination, autonomous movement of thecrawler 110, in a controlled manner that may enable optimizing operationof the crawler 110 (and/or functions performed thereby—e.g., assemblingrelated functions), such as by enhancing speed of movement of thecrawler 110 without compromising (or even with improvement to) theholding (or securing) of the crawler 110 to the structure 100. This maybe achieved, for example, by incorporating into each of the firstmovement assembly 140 and the second movement assembly 150 a pluralityof dual function movement components 160. In this regard, each dualfunction movement component 160 may be configured to provide multiplefunctions related to support and movement of the crawler 110. The dualfunction movement component 160 may be configured to provide, forexample, both of an adhering or a holding function (e.g., relating tosecuring the crawler 110 to the structured being traversed), and agliding or a hovering function (e.g., relating to moving the crawler 110over the structures being traversed). For example, the dual functionmovement component 160 may comprise a suction cup/air bearing assemblythat may be configured to provide a securing function—i.e., enabling‘holding’ the corresponding movement assembly (first or second)—by useof vacuum created via the suction cup; and to provide the ‘gliding’ or‘hovering’ function—i.e., facilitating moving or sliding of thecorresponding movement assembly (first or second)—by use of air bearing(e.g., hovering) over the structure.

In some instances, to enhance use of the movement components of thecrawler 110 (e.g., the first movement assembly 140 and the secondmovement assembly 150), the crawler 110 may comprise pivoting means(e.g., the pivoting assembly 130), which may be used to allow for (whenneeded) rotating of particular components of the crawler 110, preferablein a controlled manner and/or independent of other components of thecrawler 110. For example, the pivoting assembly 130 may comprise one ormore pivoting components, which may allow for rotating or pivoting ofparticular components of the crawler 110, such as the multi-function endeffector 120, the first movement assembly 140, and/or the secondmovement assembly 150 which may allow for rotating one or more of thesecomponents while the other component(s) or the crawler 110 is secured tothe structure. Doing so may enhance movement of the crawler 110, such asby allowing at least part of any required movement adjustments to beperformed while the crawler 110 is being utilized for its intendedfunction (e.g., while the multi-function end effector 120 is beingutilizing to apply assembling related functions). To further enhanceoperation of the crawler 110, a rotation actuator 132 may beincorporated into the pivoting assembly 130, which may ensure themulti-function end effector 120 remains unmoved (e.g., while it is beingutilizing to apply assembling related functions) even while one or bothof the first movement assembly 140 and the second movement assembly 150may be rotated or pivoted.

In an implementation, the crawler 110 may comprise clamping or securingmeans (e.g., the clamping component 170), which may be used to ensurethat the multi-function end effector 120 is firmly secured to thestructure 100 to which the assembling functions are applied by themulti-function end effector 120. For example, the clamping component 170may comprise a non-permanent magnet which may be activated (e.g., usingelectric current) when the multi-function end effector 120 needs to besecured to the structure (e.g., when the multi-function end effector 120is positioned at a location on the wing box 104 where a fastening boltis to be applied); otherwise, the magnet which may be deactivated, suchas when the crawler 110 (or parts thereof, such as the multi-functionend effector 120) may be moving.

In an implementation, the crawler 110 may also comprise one or moremotors (not shown), which may be utilized to enable and/or support theautomated motorized movement of the crawler 110, such as by drivingand/or enabling functions of at least some of components of the crawler110 used in conjunction with movement and/or use of the crawler 110(e.g., rotating/securing component of the multi-function end effector120, the first movement assembly 140, and/or second movement assembly150).

In an implementation, the crawler 110 may comprise a controllercomponent (not shown) for controlling various operations and/orcomponents of the crawler 110. In this regard, the controller componentmay comprise a programmable circuitry providing control signals to atleast some of the components of the crawler 110, to enable configuringthese components to perform various operations in support of thefunctions of the crawler 110. For example, the controller component maycontrol operations of the movement component of the crawler 110.

In an implementation, the crawler 110 may be configured to receiveand/or transmit information, such as by incorporating a communicationcomponent for providing and/or handling communications to and/or fromthe crawler 110. In this regard, the crawler 110 may receive, forexample, user input, which may be used in controlling and/or adjustingvarious operations or functions of the crawler 110. The user input maycomprise, for example, movement related commands, such as “start” or“stop” and/or other similar commands. The communication component mayalso be configured to enable transmitting status information, such asinformation relating to various components or functions of the crawler110. The status information may be transmitted to other devices that maybe utilized by users (e.g., a computer). The reception and/ortransmission may be performed wirelessly, using one or more appropriatetechnologies. For example, communications may be via infra-red (IR)signals, near field communication (NFC) signals, Bluetooth signals,and/or WiFi signals. This disclosure is not limited, however, to anyparticular communication technology.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an autonomous crawling assembly systemthat may be used during assembly of component(s), such as duringmanufacturing of aircraft, in accordance with an advantageousembodiment. Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown a crawler 200.

The crawler 200 may represent an implementation of the crawler 110, asdescribed with respect to FIG. 1. In this regard, as with the crawler110, the crawler 200 may be a portable, automated motorized device whichmay be configured to move over a structure, to apply manufacturingand/or assembling related functions or operations thereto. Inparticular, the crawler 200 may be configured for use duringmanufacturing and/or assembly of aircraft or components thereof (e.g.,fuselage or wings). In this regard, the crawler 200 may preferably beplaced on the structure (e.g., the wing 100 of FIG. 1), and may thenmove over the structure 100 while performing assembling relatedoperations thereon, at different locations (e.g., intended boltingpositions on the wing(s)).

In various implementations, the crawler 200 may be configured to moveand/or operate in optimized manner compared to existing systems. In thisregard, there may be various challenges associated with use of automatedassembling systems, particularly with respect to course adjustmentsand/or the manner by which in which the system moves from one locationto the next. For example, many currently available systems suffer fromsuch limitations as low speed of movement over structure(s) and/orskidding during course adjustments, as a result of currently used meansfor securing or holding such automated systems to the structures and/orfor moving them (or adjusting the course of movement) on thestructure(s). To achieve the desired enhancements in terms of speed ofmovement, course or movement adjustments, and/or reliability of system's‘holding’ onto the structure(s), the crawler 200 may incorporate variouscomponents (or enhancements to components). The crawler 200 mayincorporate, for example, a plurality of movement assemblies, to enableperforming at least a portion of required movement (or adjustment ofcourse thereof) while the crawler 200 is being used to apply assemblingrelated functions. In this regard, these movement assemblies maycomprise movement components that support multiple functions related tomovement operations, which may allow for configuring some movementcomponents (e.g., those of particular movement assembly) to perform onefunction (e.g., ‘holding’ or ‘securing’) while other movement components(e.g., those of another movement assembly) are being configured toperform another function (e.g., movement related functions, such as‘gliding’ or ‘sliding’ for example). The crawler 200 may alsoincorporate dedicated components that may allow rotating the movementrelated assemblies (or components thereof) in a manner that ensuresand/or maintains the overall system's hold onto the structure—i.e.,preventing any skidding or falling off the structure—including when therotating is done while the crawler 200 is being used in applyingassembling related functions. For example, the crawler 200 may comprisean end effector 210, a first movement assembly 220 and a second movementassembly 230, a pivoting assembly 240, a connector section 260, and aclamping component 270.

The end effector 210 may be substantially similar to the multi-functionend effector 120, as described with respect to FIG. 1. In this regard,end effector 210 may be configured to perform one or more assemblingrelated operations or functions, which may be utilized during, forexample, manufacturing or assembling of aircraft or components thereof.For example, the end effector 210 may be configured to perform suchoperations or functions as drilling bolting holes and/or applyingfastening bolts.

The first movement assembly 220 and the second movement assembly 230 maybe substantially similar to first movement assembly 140 and the secondmovement assembly 150, respectively, of FIG. 1. In this regard, thefirst movement assembly 220 and the second movement assembly 230 may beconfigured to enable, individually and/or in combination, moving thecrawler 200 along a structure (e.g., a wing) to which the functions ofthe end effector 210 may be applied. Each of the first movement assembly220 and the second movement assembly 230 may comprise a main holder (222and 232, respectively), to which a plurality of dual function movementcomponents 250 may be attached. In this regard, each dual functionmovement component 250 may be configured to provide multiple functionsrelated to movement of the crawler 200. The dual function movementcomponent 250 may be configured to provide, for example, both an‘adhering’ function (e.g., relating to ‘securing’ or ‘holding’ thecrawler 200 to the structured being traversed) and a ‘gliding’ function(e.g., relating to moving, preferably with as little resistance aspossible, the crawler 200 over the structured being traversed). Forexample, each dual function movement component 250 may comprisecombination of suction cup/air bearing elements, which may be configuredto provide the adhering function (i.e., enabling ‘holding’ to thestructure) by means of vacuum created via the suction cup; and toprovide the ‘gliding’ or ‘hovering’ function (i.e., facilitating movingor sliding over the structure) by use of air bearing (e.g., hovering).In some instances, the main holders 222 and 232 may also be configuredto provide additional function(s), beyond simply attaching the dualfunction movement component(s) 250 to the movement assemblies. Forexample, the main holders 222 and 232 may incorporate flexible and/ormovable elements that may allow for bending—that is to allow forapplication of the dual function movement component(s) 250 in curvedmanner as to accommodate for curves or contours of the structure alongthe movement path. Some examples of the dual function movement component250 of the crawler 200, and/or operations or use thereof, are describedin the following paragraphs relating to FIGS. 3, 4A, and 4B.

The pivoting assembly 240 may comprise a plurality of elements orcomponents which may be configured to allow for, when needed, rotatingor pivoting (including, in some instances, three-dimensionally) ofparticular components of the crawler 200, preferable in a controlledmanner and/or independent of other components of the crawler 200. Inaddition, and further enhancing operation of the crawler 200, thepivoting assembly 240 may be configured to perform at least somepivoting or rotating required for movement adjustments while the crawler200 is being used (e.g., while the end effector 210 is utilized inapplying assembling related functions). The pivoting assembly 240 maycomprise, for example, a rotating arm 242, a rotating track 244, and acylindrical rotator 246, which may be configured to allow for rotatingor pivoting of particular components of the crawler 200, such as the endeffector 210, the first movement assembly 220, and/or the secondmovement assembly 230. In this regard, the rotating arm 242 (not shownin FIG. 2) may be configured to pivot or rotate, such as by moving alongthe rotation track 244 (using gears or teeth). Thus, by attaching an endof the rotating arm 242 to a movement assembly (e.g., the secondmovement assembly 230), the movement assembly may be rotated or pivotedrelative to the other movement assemblies (e.g., the second movementassembly 230). The cylindrical rotator 246 may be configured to allowfor rotating or pivoting of another movement assembly. In this regard,the cylindrical rotator 246 may be used, for example, for rotating thatmovement assembly, or to maintain position of that movement assembly asother movement assemblies are being pivoted or rotated via the rotatingarm 242. The cylindrical rotator 246 may be used in similar manner torotate (or maintain position of) the end effector 210.

The connector section 260 may connect the first movement assembly 220and the second movement assembly 230. The connector section 260 maycomprise a ‘track’ or ‘rail’ element, to allow the second movementassembly 230 to slide through the connector section 260 for example. Inother words, the connector section 260 may be connected to the secondmovement assembly 230 such that connection point(s) between theconnector section 260 and the assembly main holder (232) may be adjustedalong the main holder (232), thus allowing for straight movement of thesecond movement assembly 230 relative to the connector section 260. Onthe other hand, the connector section 260 may be connected to the firstmovement assembly 220 such that the connection point(s) between theconnector section 260 and the assembly main holder (222) may be fixedalong the main holder (222), but may allow for rotational (pivotal)adjustments. In other words, the connector section 260 and the firstmovement assembly 220 may be rotated relative to one another (e.g., viathe pivoting assembly 240).

The clamping component 270 may be similar to the clamping component 170,as described with respect to FIG. 1. In this regard, the clampingcomponent 270 may be configured to support securing the crawler 200 orcomponent(s) thereof (e.g., the end effector 210), such as when the endeffector 210 is engaged in applying assembling related functions at aparticular location (e.g., bolt position on a wing structure). Forexample, the clamping component 270 may incorporate a non-permanentmagnet which may be activated (e.g., using electric current) to applythe required clamping (e.g., when the end effector 210 is being securedto the structure), and deactivated otherwise.

FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating a dual function movement componentthat may be used in automated assembly systems, in accordance with anadvantageous embodiment. Referring to FIG. 3A, there is shown a dualfunction movement component 300. In this regard, the dual functionmovement component 300 may correspond to each of the dual functionmovement components 250 of FIG. 2.

The dual function movement component 300 may comprise a base element310, which may correspond to the main section of the dual functionmovement component 300, with the remaining elements of the dual functionmovement component 300 being attached thereto. A connector 360 may beattached to the base element 310. In this regard, the connector 360 maybe used in attaching the dual function movement component 300 to otherobject(s), such as movement assemblies (e.g., the first and secondmovement assemblies 220 and 230 of FIG. 2).

The dual function movement component 300 may comprise one or moreelements configured to provide or support the ‘holding’ or ‘adhering’functions. For example, the dual function movement component 300 maycomprise a suction cup 320, which may be utilized in providing the‘holding’ function, such as by use of vacuum to create a pulling forceto enable adhering the dual function movement component 300 to a surface(326) with which the suction cup 320 may be in contact. In this regard,the suction cup 320 may comprise suction chamber 322, which may comprisea cavity or space within the suction cup 320, within which vacuum may becreated to generate the ‘holding’ force. To that end, the suction cup320 may also comprise a sealing element that may be utilized to providethe sealing required to create the necessary vacuum for generating the‘holding’ force. The sealing element may comprise a sealing lip 324, forexample, which may be configured to provide sufficient sealing betweenthe space between the suction cup 320 and the contact surface 326. Thevacuum in the suction chamber 322 may be created by sucking the air fromthe suction chamber 322, via a suction chamber pipe 340 running throughthe base element 310. In this regard, a pump or vacuum source may beconnected to the suction chamber pipe 340 (e.g., using a tube) to allowapplying air suction into the suction chamber 322.

The dual function movement component 300 may comprise one or moreelements configured to provide a ‘gliding’ or ‘hovering’ function. Forexample, the dual function movement component 300 may comprise a biasingelement 330, which may be utilized in providing the ‘hovering’ function,such as by breaking the ‘holding’ created by the suction cup 320, and/orby allowing the dual function movement component 300 to glide over thesurface (326) using the contact between the biasing element 330 and thesurface (326) once there is no ‘holding’ force applicable anymore. Tothat end, the biasing element 330 may be placed within the suctionchamber 322, being attached to the base element 310, and may beconfigured (the biasing element 330) such as it may remain fullycontained within the suction chamber 322 when the ‘hovering’ function isnot applied (e.g., during application of the ‘holding’ function).Furthermore, the biasing element 330 may also be configured to extendbeyond the edges of the suction cup 322 when applying the ‘hovering’function, thus allowing for breaking the seal created via the sealinglip 324.

For example, the biasing element 330 may comprise an air bearing cushion332, which may be configured to allow providing the ‘hovering’ function(and seal breaking) function(s) by use of air. In this regard, the airbearing cushion 332 may comprise an inflatable bladder, which may befilled with air, to expand the air bearing cushion 332 (and thus pushthe biasing element 330, eventually beyond the level of the sealing lip324 of the suction cup 320). To end the ‘hovering’ function (and/or toallow application of the ‘holding’ function) air may be removed from theair bearing cushion 332 (e.g., resulting in the biasing element 330being retracted below the level of the sealing lip 324 of the suctioncup 320). Air may be injected into the air bearing cushion 332 and/orremoved from it via, for example, an air bearing cushion pipe 350running through the base element 310. In this regard, the air bearingcushion pipe 350 may be connected (e.g., using a tube) to an air pump,which may be used in injecting air into the air bearing cushion 332(e.g., when applying air bearing) or to suck air out of the air bearingcushion 332 (e.g., when ending ‘hovering’ function or (re)applying‘holding’ function).

In operation, the dual function movement component 300 may be used inapplying various functions—e.g., ‘holding’ (or ‘adhering’) and‘hovering’ (or ‘gliding’), such as to enable enhancing movement ofautomated assembly device (e.g., the crawler 200 of FIG. 2). In thisregard, a plurality of the dual function movement components 300 may beused, being arranged into a plurality of movement assemblies, which mayenable using some of the movement components in providing ‘holding’while the remaining movement components are being used in providing‘gliding’ over the assembled structure. Examples of application of the‘holding’ and ‘hovering’ functions via the dual function movementcomponent 300 are described in more detailed in FIG. 3B.

FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating different functions of a dual functionmovement component that may be used in automated assembly systems, inaccordance with an advantageous embodiment. Referring to FIG. 3B, thereis shown the dual function movement component 300 of FIG. 3A.

To apply the ‘holding’ function, as shown in (A), the dual functionmovement component 300 may be configured to use vacuum to providepulling force onto the surface (326). In this regard, vacuum may becreated using the suction cup 320, such as by sucking the air from thesuction chamber 322, via the suction chamber pipe 340, which may beconnected to a vacuum source (not shown). In other words, sucking theair out of the suction chamber 322 may create a vacuum therein.Furthermore, to allow creating the vacuum and/or generating the pullingforce (creating the ‘holding’ onto the surface (326)), applying the airsuction into the suction chamber 322, contact space between suction cup320 and the surface 326 may be sealed to ensure that air does not leakinto the suction chamber 322 (thus breaking the ‘holding’). For example,the suction cup 320 may incorporate sealing lip 324, which may createthe requisite seal, such as by application of the air suction into thesuction chamber 322. In some instances, application of the ‘holding’function may also comprise ensuring that the biasing element 330 isretracted below the level of the sealing lip 324 of the suction cup 320.This may be achieved by applying air suction to the air bearing cushion332, via the air bearing cushion pipe 350, to deflated the air bearingcushion 332 (and thus enable retracting the biasing element 330).

To apply the ‘hovering’ function, as shown in (B), the dual functionmovement component 300 may be configured to use air bearing, to ensurethat the dual function movement component 300 is not adhered to thesurface 326, and/or to create a cushion of high-pressure air that allowthe dual function movement component 300 to hover and/or glide on thesurface 326. In this regard, the ‘hovering’ may be by injecting air intothe air bearing cushion 332, such as via the air bearing cushion pipe350, from an air pump (not shown) attached to the air bearing cushionpipe 350 (e.g., suing a tube), to inflate the air bearing cushion 332.The air bearing cushion 332 may be inflated (by continuing the airinjection) until the air bearing cushion 332 (and thus the biasingelement 330) is expanded beyond the level of the sealing lip 324 of thesuction cup 320), thus breaking (in the process) any seal between thesuction cup 320 and the surface. Accordingly, applying the ‘hovering’function may also indirectly result in (and thus be used to) breakingthe ‘holding’ function. In some instances, however, applying the‘hovering’ function may also comprise ending the ‘holding’ function, byterminating (or even reversing) the air suction being applied to thesuction chamber 322. Thus, in addition to applying air injection via theair bearing cushion pipe 350, the ‘hovering’ function may also compriseterminating air suction via the suction chamber pipe 340 or evenapplying air injection through it, to ensure that any vacuum previouslycreated in the suction chamber 322 is terminated.

FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating an example implementation of a dualfunction movement component, in accordance with an advantageousembodiment. Referring to FIG. 4A, there is shown a dual functionmovement device 400, which may be substantially similar to the dualfunction movement component 300 of FIG. 3.

The dual function movement device 400 may be configured to providemultiple movement related functions, comprising, for example, a hoveringor gliding function (e.g., gliding over surfaces) and holding function(e.g., onto surfaces). For example, as shown in FIG. 4A, the dualfunction movement device 400 may be configured to provide the functionssupported thereby in pneumatic manner. In this regard, the dual functionmovement device 400 may be configured to provide the hovering or glidingfunction (e.g., over surfaces) based on air bearing, and the holdingfunction (e.g., onto surfaces) based on use of vacuum.

The dual function movement device 400 may comprise a plurality ofelements adapted for supporting functions provided by the device. Inthis regard, the dual function movement device 400 may comprise a baseplate 410, which may be similar to the base element 310 of FIG. 3. Thebase plate 410 may correspond to the main component of the dual functionmovement device 400, to which the remaining components may be attachedor coupled.

The dual function movement device 400 may also comprise elementsconfigured to support the air bearing based hovering or glidingfunction. For example, the dual function movement device 400 maycomprise an air bearing cushion 420, which may be configurable toproviding gliding or hovering over surfaces, such as surface 402. Inthis regard, surface 402 may be the surface of a structure beingmanufactured or assembled (e.g., aircraft or component thereof). The airbearing cushion 420 may comprise, for example, an inflatable bladder,which may expand by injection of air, and may be retracted by suction orremoval of air therefrom. In some instances, hovering and/or gliding maybe enhanced by use of particularly configured air flow that furtherenhance the gliding of the dual function movement device 400 (e.g., byreducing friction between any parts of the dual function movement device400 that may remain in contact with the surface 402). For example, theair bearing cushion 420 may comprise one or more escape ports 426, whichmay allow for little of the air inside the air bearing cushion 420 toescape, flowing between the outside surface of the air bearing cushion420 and the surface 402. The air bearing based hovering or glidingfunction of the dual function movement device 400 is explained in moredetailed in FIGS. 4B and 4C.

The dual function movement device 400 may also comprise elementsconfigured to support the vacuum based holding function. For example,the dual function movement device 400 may also comprise a sealing lip422, which may be configured to provide sealing onto the surface 402. Inthis regard, as shown in FIG. 4A, the sealing lip 422 may be optionallyimplemented as extension of air bearing cushion 420. In some instances,the sealing lip 422 may comprise an internal chamber 424, to ensure thatthe sealing lip 422 does not affect the gliding or hovering of the dualfunction movement device 400 (e.g., by catching or snagging on thesurface 402). In this regard, the sealing lip internal chamber 424 mayconfigured to expand such that it may allow for pushing sealing lip 422away from the surface 402. The dual function movement device 400 mayalso comprise an air cushion chamber 430. In this regard, the aircushion chamber 430 may implemented as cavity within the air bearingcushion 420. The air cushion chamber 430 may assist in providing a holdor suction onto the surface 402, such as by providing an internal spaceenclosed within the within the air bearing cushion 420 where vacuum maybe applied to generate that hold or suction. The vacuum based holdingfunction of the dual function movement device 400 is explained in moredetailed in FIG. 4D.

The dual function movement device 400 may comprise a vacuum fitting 432and an air pressure fitting 434, to provide air injunction and/orsuction that may be required to support the vacuum based holdingfunction and the air bearing based hovering or gliding function,respectively. In this regard, the vacuum fitting 432 may allow forsucking air out of particular spaces, to provide required vacuum. Forexample, the vacuum fitting 432 may allow for extracting air from theair cushion chamber 430. Such suction, combined with suspension of airinjunction into the air bearing cushion 420, may provide the necessaryvacuum to provide hold onto the surface 402. The air pressure fitting434 may allow for injunction of (pressurized) air into particularspaces, such as air bearing cushion 420 and/or the sealing lip internalchamber 424, to provide the required air bearing. The air injunction mayalso allow for breaking any existing seal (e.g., by inflating thesealing lip internal chamber 424 to ensure that the sealing lip 422 ispushed off the surface 402).

In some instances, the air bearing cushion 420 and the sealing lip 422(whether implemented as separate components or as singular, combinedcomponent) may be secured to the base plate 410 by use of, for example,retainer rings, such as a lower retainer ring 412 an upper retainer ring414.

In some instances, dual function movement device 400 may incorporateparticular measures to ensure that structures (or surfaces thereof) withwhich the dual function movement device 400 may be in contact are notdamaged or altered during operations of the dual function movementdevice 400. For example, a soft coating (e.g., rubber) may be applied toparts of the dual function movement device 400 that would be in contactwith surfaces during particular functions. The rubber coating mayapplied, for example, to the bottom of the base plate 410, the bottom ofthe lower retainer ring 412, and/or any other hard parts of the dualfunction movement device 400 that may come in contact with the surface402, such while applying a ‘holding’ function thereto.

FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating an example of air cushion creation andlip lifting in an example implementation of a dual function movementcomponent, in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. Referring toFIG. 4B, there is shown a cross section, a suction cup/air bearingelement of the dual function movement device 400.

In some instances, additional mechanisms may utilized by and/orimplemented into to dual function movement components, such as the dualfunction movement device 400, to further enhance particular functionsthereof. For example, as described with respect to FIG. 4A, during the‘hovering’ or ‘gliding’ function, the air bearing cushion 420 may beinflated (using a pressurized air stream), thus expanding to create anair cushion, and also breaking any seal between the sealing lip 422 andsurface(s) (e.g., the surface 402) with which the dual function movementdevice 400 may be in contact. The hovering or gliding function may befurther enhanced by using the sealing lip internal chamber 424 to ensurethat the sealing lip 422 does not affect the hovering or gliding of thedual function movement device 400. In this regard, the sealing lipinternal chamber 424 may be inflated, using an air stream (e.g., the airstream used in inflating air bearing cushion 420) for example, such asto create air pressure 440 therein which may ensure that the sealing lip422 is lifted and remains away from any contact surface(s), thuspreventing the sealing lip 422 from catching or snagging on thesurface(s). In some instances, to further enhance the hovering orgliding function, friction between the air-bearing cushion 420 andcontact surfaces may be reduced. For example, the escape ports of theair bearing cushion 420 may allow for some of the pressurized air usedin inflating the air bearing cushion 420 to escape, thus creating an airflow 450 on the outside the air-bearing cushion 420. In this regard, theair flow 450 may flow between the air bearing cushion 420 and contactsurfaces, from the central cavity of the dual function movement device400 outwards, which may create an ‘air’ cushion between the air bearingcushion 420 and the surface(s) (e.g., the surface 402).

FIG. 4C is a diagram illustrating an example of air bearing function inan example implementation of a dual function movement component, inaccordance with an advantageous embodiment. Referring to FIG. 4C, thereis shown the dual function movement device 400 of FIG. 4A.

As shown in FIG. 4C, the dual function movement device 400 may providean air bearing based hovering or gliding function, such as by use of airflow (e.g., a pressurized air stream) injunction into the dual functionmovement device 400, through the air pressure fitting 434 for example.In this regard, the air in-flow into the dual function movement device400 may be used to inflate the air bearing cushion (bladder) 420,creating a ‘hovering’ cushion that allow for gliding over any contactsurface (e.g., the surface 402). The air in-flow may also be used toinflate the sealing lip internal chamber 424, thus lifting the sealinglip 422 away from the surface (e.g., to break any seal), and/or keepingthe sealing lip 422 away from the surface as the dual function movementdevice 400 move (e.g., glide) over it, thus ensuring that the sealinglip 422 does not catching or snagging on the surface. The air in-flowmay create ‘high’ air pressure within the bladder 420 (shown as +ΔP),especially when using pressurized air stream. The ‘high’ air pressuremay be used to further enhance the hovering or gliding function, such asby supporting creation of air cushion using air flow escaping from thebladder 420 through the escape port(s) 426.

FIG. 4D is a diagram illustrating an example of vacuum based holdingfunction in an example implementation of a dual function movementcomponent, in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. Referring toFIG. 4D, there is shown the dual function movement device 400 of FIG.4A.

As shown in FIG. 4D, the dual function movement device 400 may provide avacuum based holding function by use of air flow (e.g., suction) fromthe dual function movement device 400, through the vacuum fitting 432for example. In this regard, the air out-flow from the dual functionmovement device 400 may be used to deflate the air bearing cushion(bladder) 420. Furthermore, air in-flow that may typically be used toinflate bladder 420 (and/or the sealing lip internal chamber 424) may bestopped. The air out-flow (suction) through the vacuum fitting 432 maycreate ‘low’ air pressure within various spaces between the dualfunction movement device 400 and the surface (shown as −ΔP), whichprovide the required ‘holding’. Furthermore, the air out-flow (combinedwith suspension of air injection into the sealing lip internal chamber424, resulting in deflated sealing lip 422) may allow for creation ofseal between the deflated sealing lip 422 and the surface (e.g., thesurface 402).

FIG. 5 is a flow chart that illustrates a process for applying differentfunctions (e.g., hovering and holding) in dual function movementcomponents, in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. Referring toFIG. 5, there is shown a flow chart 500 comprising a plurality of stepsthat may be performed to apply different functions by a movementcomponent in an automated motorized device (e.g., the dual functionmovement component 300).

In step 502, it may be determined whether the movement component isbeing configured to provide ‘holding’ function or to end a ‘gliding’function. In instances, where it may be determined that the ‘holding’function is to be provided via the movement component or that the‘gliding’ function is to be ended, the process may proceed to the step504, otherwise the process may proceed to step 506. In step 504, airsuction may be applied into the movement component (e.g., via thesuction chamber pipe 340) to create a seal (via the sealing lip 324)and/or a vacuum (in the suction chamber 322), thus ‘holding’ themovement component to the structure (and/or ending the ‘gliding’function). In some instances, ending the ‘gliding’ function may alsocomprise terminating (or even reversing) the air injection being appliedduring the ‘gliding’ function.

In step 506, it may be determined whether the movement component isbeing configured to provide ‘gliding’ function or to end a ‘holding’function. In instances, where it may be determined that the ‘gliding’function is to be provided via the movement component or that the‘holding’ function is to be ended, the process may proceed to the step508, otherwise the process may proceed (back) to step 502. In step 508,air inflow (injection) may be applied into the movement component (e.g.,via the air bearing cushion pipe 350) to inflate the air bearing cushion(air bearing cushion 332) thus creating a hovering cushion that mayallow ‘gliding’ the movement component. The air injection may also breakany seal between the movement component and the surface (e.g., any sealbetween the sealing lip 324 and the surface 326), thus resulting intermination of any ‘holding’ function being applied. In some instances,ending the ‘holding’ function may also comprise terminating (or evenreversing) the air suction being applied during the ‘holding’ function,thus allowing for terminating of the vacuum.

Referring specifically to the controller component mentioned herein,other embodiments may provide a non-transitory computer readable mediumand/or storage medium, and/or a non-transitory machine readable mediumand/or storage medium, having stored thereon, a machine code and/or acomputer program having at least one code section executable by amachine and/or a computer, thereby causing the machine and/or computerto perform the steps as described herein with respect to dual functionmovement component for automated assembly systems, and/or use thereof.

Accordingly, the presently disclosed embodiments may be realized inhardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Thepresent embodiments may be realized in a centralized fashion in at leastone computer system, or in a distributed fashion where differentelements are spread across several interconnected computer systems. Anykind of computer system or other system adapted for carrying out themethods described herein is suited. A typical combination of hardwareand software may be a general-purpose computer system with a computerprogram that, when being loaded and executed, controls the computersystem such that it carries out the methods described herein.

The presently disclosed embodiments may also be embedded in a computerprogram product, which comprises all the features enabling theimplementation of the methods described herein, and which when loaded ina computer system is able to carry out these methods. Computer programin the present context means any expression, in any language, code ornotation, of a set of instructions intended to cause a system having aninformation processing capability to perform a particular functioneither directly or after either or both of the following: a) conversionto another language, code or notation; b) reproduction in a differentmaterial form.

While described with reference to certain embodiments, it will beunderstood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be madeand equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope ofthe presently described embodiments. In addition, many modifications maybe made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachingswithout departing from its scope. Therefore, it is intended that thepresently disclosed embodiments not be limited to the particularembodiment disclosed, but rather will include all embodiments fallingwithin the scope of the appended claims.

1-10. (canceled)
 11. A method, comprising: moving an automated motorizeddevice on a structure by use of a plurality of dual function movementcomponents, wherein: the plurality of dual function movement componentsis arranged into one or more movement assemblies, each of the one ormore movement assemblies is configured to operate separately, andfunctions of each dual function movement component comprise adhering andgliding.
 12. The method of claim 11, comprising moving the automatedmotorized device by: applying via at least one of the plurality of dualfunction movement components, adhering to the structure; and applyingvia at least another one of the plurality of dual function movementcomponents, gliding over the structure.
 13. The method of claim 12,wherein the at least one of the plurality of dual function movementcomponents is attached to a first movement assembly and the at leastanother one of the plurality of dual function movement components isattached to a second movement assembly.
 14. The method of claim 12,comprising applying the adhering to the structure by creating of a sealbetween the at least one of the plurality of dual function movementcomponents and the structure.
 15. The method of claim 14, comprisingcreating the seal by application of pneumatic suction into a chamber inthe at least one of the plurality of dual function movement components.16. The method of claim 12, comprising applying the gliding over thestructure by application of pneumatic inflow into an air bearing cushionin the at least another one of the plurality of dual function movementcomponents.
 17. A method for fabricating an aircraft component, themethod comprising: moving by use of a plurality of dual functionmovement components, an automated motorized device that is configured toapply one or more fabricating related functions to each of a pluralityof predetermined locations on the aircraft component, wherein: theplurality of dual function movement components is arranged into one ormore movement assemblies, each of the one or more movement assemblies isconfigured to operate separately, and functions of each dual functionmovement component comprise an adhering function and a gliding function.18. The method of claim 17, wherein the aircraft component comprises afuselage, a wing, or a section thereof.
 19. The method of claim 17,comprising moving the automated motorized device by configuring at leastone dual function movement component of at least one of the one or moremovement assemblies to apply the gliding function.
 20. The method ofclaim 17, comprising securing the automated motorized device to theaircraft component by configuring at least one dual function movementcomponent of at least one of the one or more movement assemblies toapply the adhering function.